Competency, Workload, and Organizational Culture as Determinants of Public Sector Employee Performance in Indonesia

Nandan Nandan, Zahera Mega Utama, Rahayu Rahayu

Abstract


Accelerating bureaucratic reform in Indonesia has placed civil servant performance at the center of national public administration transformation, yet empirical evidence on the simultaneous determinants of performance in central government directorates remains sparse. Prior studies report mixed findings — particularly regarding workload's direct effect — and rarely examine these three predictors within a single integrated model in strategic higher-education governance units. This study examines the direct and simultaneous effects of competency, workload, and organizational culture on employee performance at the Directorate of Learning and Student Affairs (Belmawa), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology. Adopting a quantitative census design encompassing all active employees, data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS. The results demonstrate that competency exerts the strongest positive and significant effect on performance, followed by organizational culture as a meaningful secondary contributor, while workload does not produce a statistically significant direct effect. Collectively, the three predictors account for a substantial proportion of variance in employee performance. Theoretically, the findings advance multi-predictor performance models in public administration; practically, they provide evidence-based guidance for HR policymakers seeking to reverse performance decline amid programmatic expansion.

Keywords


Employee performance; Competency; Organizational culture; Workload; Public sector human resource management;

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32509/jmb.v6i1.6905

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